Articles In Press / Online First
Back to the articles list |
Back to browse issues page
1- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia. , imas_d@upi.edu
2- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
3- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Bandung, Indonesia.
4- Faculty of Sports and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia.
2- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
3- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Bandung, Indonesia.
4- Faculty of Sports and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia.
Abstract: (132 Views)
Background. Physical exercise can lead to side effects due to the generation of free radicals, specifically during high-intensity exercise such as intermittent anaerobic swimming.
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effect of strawberry ethanol extract (SEE) on reducing plasma MDA levels and prolonging the exhaustion time of male Wistar rats induced by intermittent anaerobic swimming.
Methods. A post-test-only experimental design was adopted, involving 40 male Westar rats divided into 4 groups and induced by intermittent anaerobic swimming for 4 days. Group I and II were given SEE of 250mg/kgBW and 500mg/kgBW per day, respectively. Meanwhile, Group III was given vitamin E of 37.5IU/kgBW per day and Group IV received a placebo. On the fourth day, plasma MDA level and swimming exhaustion time were measured.
Results. The result showed that the MDA level of Groups I, II, III, and IV was 0.112 ŋmol/g (SD 0.098), 0.069 nmol/g (SD 0.038), 0.163 nmol/g (SD 0.101), and 0.434 nmol/g (SD 0.264), respectively. Among these Groups, I and II was significantly lower than IV (p=0.000), but insignificantly lower than III (p>0.05). Exhaustion time of Group I to IV, were 30.22 minutes (SD 3.41), 40.9 minutes (SD 6.33), 26.0 minutes (SD 3.6), and 22.5 minutes (SD 1.5), respectively. Groups I and II had significantly slower exhaustion times when compared to Group IV (p=0.000).
Conclusion. In conclusion, the study showed that SEE reduced plasma MDA level and prolonged exhaustion time of male Westar rats induced by intermittent anaerobic swimming, comparable to the effect of vitamin E.
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effect of strawberry ethanol extract (SEE) on reducing plasma MDA levels and prolonging the exhaustion time of male Wistar rats induced by intermittent anaerobic swimming.
Methods. A post-test-only experimental design was adopted, involving 40 male Westar rats divided into 4 groups and induced by intermittent anaerobic swimming for 4 days. Group I and II were given SEE of 250mg/kgBW and 500mg/kgBW per day, respectively. Meanwhile, Group III was given vitamin E of 37.5IU/kgBW per day and Group IV received a placebo. On the fourth day, plasma MDA level and swimming exhaustion time were measured.
Results. The result showed that the MDA level of Groups I, II, III, and IV was 0.112 ŋmol/g (SD 0.098), 0.069 nmol/g (SD 0.038), 0.163 nmol/g (SD 0.101), and 0.434 nmol/g (SD 0.264), respectively. Among these Groups, I and II was significantly lower than IV (p=0.000), but insignificantly lower than III (p>0.05). Exhaustion time of Group I to IV, were 30.22 minutes (SD 3.41), 40.9 minutes (SD 6.33), 26.0 minutes (SD 3.6), and 22.5 minutes (SD 1.5), respectively. Groups I and II had significantly slower exhaustion times when compared to Group IV (p=0.000).
Conclusion. In conclusion, the study showed that SEE reduced plasma MDA level and prolonged exhaustion time of male Westar rats induced by intermittent anaerobic swimming, comparable to the effect of vitamin E.
Keywords: Strawberry Ethanol Extract, Plasma MDA Level, Exhaustion Time, Intermittent Anaerobic Swimming.
Full-Text [PDF 417 kb]
(53 Downloads)
APPLICABLE REMARKS
APPLICABLE REMARKS
- Exercise is beneficial for health; however, it can also lead to the development of exercise-induced oxidative stress, particularly in anaerobic intermittent types.
- Oxidative stress induced by exercise can be mitigated by utilizing antioxidant agents.
- Strawberries serve as effective antioxidant agents, comparable in efficacy to the well-established vitamin E.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Sport Physiology and its related branches
Received: 2024/01/16 | Accepted: 2024/03/22
Received: 2024/01/16 | Accepted: 2024/03/22
References
1. 1. Posadzki P, Pieper D, Bajpai R, Makaruk H, Könsgen N, Neuhaus AL, et al. Exercise/physical activity and health outcomes: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1). [DOI:10.1186/s12889-020-09855-3] [PMID] []
2. Warburton DER, Nicol CW, Bredin SSD. Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence. CMAJ. 2006;174(6):801-9. [DOI:10.1503/cmaj.051351] [PMID] []
3. Kim KB, Kim K, Kim C, Kang SJ, Kim HJ, Yoon S, et al. Effects of exercise on the body composition and lipid profile of individuals with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. 2019;28(4):278-94. [DOI:10.7570/jomes.2019.28.4.278] [PMID] []
4. Sampath Kumar A, Maiya AG, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Ravishankar N, Hazari A, et al. Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2019;62(2):98-103. [DOI:10.1016/j.rehab.2018.11.001] [PMID]
5. Ashcraft KA, Warner AB, Jones LW, Dewhirst MW. Exercise as Adjunct Therapy in Cancer. Seminars in Radiation Oncology. 2019;29(1):16-24. [DOI:10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.10.001] [PMID] []
6. Hayes SC, Newton RU, Spence RR, Galvão DA. The Exercise and Sports Science Australia position statement: Exercise medicine in cancer management. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2019;22(11):1175-99. [DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.05.003] [PMID]
7. Heywood R, McCarthy AL, Skinner TL. Efficacy of Exercise Interventions in Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Systematic Review. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2018;99(12):2595-620. [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2018.04.008] [PMID]
8. Nystoriak MA, Bhatnagar A. Cardiovascular Effects and Benefits of Exercise. In: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine [Internet]. Frontiers Media; 2018. [DOI:10.3389/fcvm.2018.00135] [PMID] []
9. Kawamura T, Muraoka I. Exercise-induced oxidative stress and the effects of antioxidant intake from a physiological viewpoint. Antioxidants [Internet]. 2018;7(9). [DOI:10.3390/antiox7090119] [PMID] []
10. Powers SK, Deminice R, Ozdemir M, Yoshihara T, Bomkamp MP, Hyatt H. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: Friend or foe? Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2020;9(5):415-25. [DOI:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.001] [PMID] []
11. Sharma GN, Gupta G, Sharma P. A Comprehensive Review of Free Radicals, Antioxidants, and Their Relationship with Human Ailments. Critical Reviews TM in Eukaryotic Gene Expression [Internet]. 2018;28(2). [DOI:10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2018022258] [PMID]
12. Calabrese V, Santoro A, Monti D, Crupi R, Paola R, Latteri S, et al. Aging and Parkinson's Disease: Inflammaging, neuroinflammation and biological remodeling as key factors in pathogenesis. In: Free Radical Biology and Medicine. Elsevier Inc; 2018. p. 80-91. [DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.379] [PMID]
13. Chen X, Li X, Xu X, Li L, Liang N, Zhang L, et al. Ferroptosis and cardiovascular disease: role of free radical-induced lipid peroxidation. Free Radical Research. 2021;55(4):405-15. [DOI:10.1080/10715762.2021.1876856] [PMID]
14. Chen Z, Tian R, She Z, Cai J, Li H. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2020;152:116-41. [DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.025] [PMID]
15. Glennon-Alty L, Hackett AP, Chapman EA, Wright HL. Neutrophils and redox stress in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2018;125:25-35. [DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.049] [PMID]
16. Meo S, Napolitano G, Venditti P. Mediators of physical activity protection against ros-linked skeletal muscle damage. International Journal of Molecular Sciences [Internet]. 2019;20(12). [DOI:10.3390/ijms20123024] [PMID] []
17. Magherini F, Fiaschi T, Marzocchini R, Mannelli M, Gamberi T, Modesti PA, et al. Oxidative stress in exercise training: the involvement of inflammation and peripheral signals. Free Radical Research. 2019;53(11-12):1155-65. [DOI:10.1080/10715762.2019.1697438] [PMID]
18. Nocella C, Cammisotto V, Pigozzi F, Borrione P, Fossati C, D'amico A, et al. Impairment between oxidant and antioxidant systems: Short- and Long-Term implications for athletes' health. Nutrients. 2019;11(6). [DOI:10.3390/nu11061353] [PMID] []
19. Leon J, Borges CR. Evaluation of oxidative stress in biological samples using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Journal of Visualized Experiments [Internet]. 2020;2020(159).
20. Elsayed Azab A, Adwas A, Almokhtar IE, S. A, Adwas A, A. IE, et al. Oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in human body. Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering. 2019;6(1):43-7. [DOI:10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00173]
21. Forman HJ, Zhang H. Targeting oxidative stress in disease: promise and limitations of antioxidant therapy. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2021;20(9):689-709. [DOI:10.1038/s41573-021-00233-1] [PMID] []
22. Gulcin İ. Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: an updated overview. Archives of Toxicology. 2020;94(3):651-715. [DOI:10.1007/s00204-020-02689-3] [PMID]
23. Njus D, Kelley PM, Tu YJ, Schlegel HB. Ascorbic acid: The chemistry underlying its antioxidant properties. In: Free Radical Biology and Medicine. Elsevier Inc; 2020. p. 37-43. [DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.013] [PMID]
24. Kawamura T, Muraoka I. Exercise-induced oxidative stress and the effects of antioxidant intake from a physiological viewpoint. Antioxidants [Internet]. 2018;7(9). [DOI:10.3390/antiox7090119] [PMID] []
25. Kayacan Y, Çetinkaya A, Yazar H, Makaracı Y. Oxidative stress response to different exercise intensity with an automated assay: thiol/disulphide homeostasis. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021;127(6):504-8. [DOI:10.1080/13813455.2019.1651868] [PMID]
26. Powers SK, Deminice R, Ozdemir M, Yoshihara T, Bomkamp MP, Hyatt H. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: Friend or foe? Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2020;9(5):415-25. [DOI:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.001] [PMID] []
27. Venditti P, Meo SD. Antioxidants, Tissue Damage, and Endurance in Trained and Untrained Young Male Rats. Archives of Biochemistry And Biophysics. 1996;331(1). [DOI:10.1006/abbi.1996.0283] [PMID]
28. Qiao D, Hou L, Liu X. Influence of intermittent anaerobic exercise on mouse physical endurance and antioxidant components. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006;40(3):214-8. [DOI:10.1136/bjsm.2005.020099] [PMID] []
29. Higgins MR, Izadi A, Kaviani M. Antioxidants and exercise performance: with a focus on vitamin e and c supplementation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2020;17(22):1-26. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph17228452] [PMID] []
30. Vuolo MM, Lima VS, Maróstica Junior MR. Phenolic Compounds. In: Bioactive Compounds: Health Benefits and Potential Applications [Internet]. 2019. p. 33-50. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-814774-0.00002-5]
31. Afrin S, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Reboredo-Rodriguez P, Mezzetti B, Varela-López A, et al. Promising Health Benefits of the Strawberry: A Focus on Clinical Studies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2016;64(22):4435-49. [DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00857] [PMID]
32. Alvarez-Suarez JM, Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Casoli T, Stefano G, González-Paramás AM, et al. One-month strawberry-rich anthocyanin supplementation ameliorates cardiovascular risk, oxidative stress markers and platelet activation in humans. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2014;25(3):289-94. [DOI:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.11.002] [PMID]
33. Ariza MT, Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Mazzoni L, Forbes-Hernández TY, Giampieri F, Afrin S, et al. Strawberry achenes are an important source of bioactive compounds for human health. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016;17(7). [DOI:10.3390/ijms17071103] [PMID] []
34. Cao G, Russell RM, Lischner N, Prior RL. Human Nutrition and Metabolism Serum Antioxidant Capacity Is Increased by Consumption of Strawberries, Spinach, Red Wine or Vitamin C in Elderly Women 1,2. J Nutr. 1998;128. [DOI:10.1093/jn/128.12.2383] [PMID]
35. Souza VR, Pereira PAP, Silva TLT, Oliveira Lima LC, Pio R, Queiroz F. Determination of the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and chemical composition of Brazilian blackberry, red raspberry, strawberry, blueberry and sweet cherry fruits. Food Chemistry. 2014;156:362-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.125] [PMID]
36. Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Busco F, Bompadre S, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, et al. Strawberry consumption improves plasma antioxidant status and erythrocyte resistance to oxidative haemolysis in humans. Food Chemistry. 2011;128(1):180-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.025] [PMID]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
